The Kite Tunner

In The Kite Runner, despite the fact that Hassan stays faithful, pardoning, and pleasant, he is as yet the character who endures the most. Hassan is a character who is victimized from the beginning of the book, till the end. He is a piece of a helpless ethnic gathering called Hazaras whom are viewed as casualties in the Afghan culture. Amir and Hassan are stepbrothers, but since Hassan was a Hazara, he experienced childhood in a cottage as a worker working for his own dad. Hassan comprehends his mediocrity and acknowledges it, which makes others exploit him by deceiving him. For instance, despite the fact that Hassan consistently went to bat for Amir, Amir left Hassan to get assaulted. Hassan was too frightened to even think about standing up for his closest companion and accepted that Hassan is yielding himself for Amir. Not exclusively was the assault an assault genuinely, however it is additionally an assault on the victim’s feelings and nobility. In the Kite Runner, Hassan endures the most agony both truly and intellectually by carrying on with his life being double-crossed, separated and losing his family. To begin, Hassan is a helpless ethnic Hazara, he is viewed as mediocre compared to the Afghan culture, and in this manner is separated all through the entire novel. For instance, Hassan and Amir both have a similar rich dad, but since Hassan was ill-conceived and was a Hazara, he grew up as a worker in his father’s hovel. In light of this, Hassan is separated by everybody even his own family even the ones who Hassam didn’t even know was his family. Segregation is so critical in his life that he has acknowledged the way that he was destined to be despised for his appearance. Hassan’s organic dad Baba misleads Hassan and doesn’t even disclose to him that he is his genuine dad. Regardless of the way that Hassan gets separated upon, he despite everything stays faithful and excusing. Another model would be the point at which the Taliban needed Baba’s house and when they discovered that Hassan and his significant other were kuvubg u yet alone, they wouldn’t hear him out when he attempted to clarify that Rahim Khan was the proprietor and they were holding up his arrival. The Taliban obviously shot Hassan and his significant other disregarding Sohrab. The Taliban who show Hassan and his Wife were excused from their preliminary since they said it was self protection. They were excused on the grounds that they have no verification that the Hazaras assaulted the Taliban in light of the fact that nobody would go to bat for Hazaras. In view of this, Hassan has passed on also, in spite of the way that everybody realizes that Hassan is genial, he despite everything is sold out commonly in the story generally by his closest companion Amir. In detail, Amir treats Hassan unjustifiably even idea he realizes that Hassan will be acceptable about it. For instance, Amir left Hassan to get assaulted by Assef in the rear entryway Hassan showed him off base importance of words. Much after Amir sells out Amir, Hassan keeps on serving him. furthermore, relinquishing him despite the fact that Hassan spared him innumerable measures of time. Amir possibly does this since When Assef asked Amir for what good reason he’s companions with a Hazara, Amir said that he’s his worker and that's it. Amir didn’t realize that Hassan was his relative, which drives Amir to exploit Hassan. Assault is one of the occasions in the story that happens to Hassan that causes him to endure the most. In this story, assault isn't simply genuinely brutal, however it is likewise an assault on the victim’s feelings and respect. The way that Hassan didn’t oppose just demonstrates his job in the public arena and how he acknowledges discipline that is given upon him. The assault demonstrates that he doesn’t care about his own enduring Lastly, Hassan endures by losing the individuals who were once family to him. Hassan endures in light of the fact that his relative Amir is the motivation behind why Hassan and Ali went out. Indeed, Hassan has it harder than Amir from the earliest starting point. In addition to the fact that he lost his mom, his mom dismissed him during childbirth. Sanaubar had taken one look at the child in Ali's arms, seen the congenital fissure, and woofed an unpleasant chuckling. [†¦ ]. She had would not hold Hassan, and only five days after the fact she was no more. (29). This occasion has left Hassan motherless since the time birth. He is isolated from his adored Amir and Baba whom he went through his entire time on earth with. Another model would be the point at which his mom left and dismissed him during childbirth

10 Examples of Carbohydrates

10 Examples of Carbohydrates The vast majority of the natural particles you experience are sugars. Carbs are sugars and starches. They are utilized to give vitality and structure to life forms. Sugar particles have the formula Cm(H2O)n, where m and n are whole numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3).â Instances of Carbohydrates glucose (monosaccharide)fructoseâ (monosaccharide)galactoseâ (monosaccharide)sucrose (disaccharide)lactose (disaccharide)cellulose (polysaccharide)chitin (polysaccharide)starchxylosemaltose Wellsprings of Carbohydrates Sugars in nourishments incorporate all sugars (sucrose or table sugar, glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose) and starches (found in pasta, bread, grains). These sugars can be processed by the body and give a vitality source to cells. There are different starches that the human body doesnt digest, including insoluble fiber and cellulose from plants and chitin from bugs and different arthropods. In contrast to sugars and starches, these kinds of sugars dont contribute calories to the human eating routine. Find out More Increasingly About Carbohydrates

Civil Rights Movement 1890

Social equality Movement: 1890-1900 1890: The state o Essay f Mississippi embraces survey duties and proficiency tests to dishearten dark voters. 1895: Booker T. Washington conveys his Atlanta Exposition discourse, which acknowledges isolation of the races. 1896: The Supreme Court manages in Plessy v. Ferguson the different however equivalent treatment of the races is established. 1900-1910 1900-1915: Over one thousand blacks are lynched in the conditions of the previous Confederacy. 1905: The Niagara Movement is established by W.E.B. du Bois and other dark pioneers to ask more straightforward activity to accomplish dark social equality. 1910-1920 1910: National Urban League is established to help the states of urban African Americans. 1920-1930 1925: Black patriot pioneer Marcus Garvey is sentenced for mail extortion. 1928: For the first run through in the twentieth century an African American is chosen for Congress. 1930-1940 1931: Farrad Muhammad sets up in Detroit what will end up being the Black Muslim Movement. 1933: The NAACP records - and loses-its firs suit against isolation and segregation in training. 1938: The Supreme Court arranges the affirmation of a dark candidate to the University of Missouri Law School 1941: A. Philip Randoph undermines a huge walk on Washington except if the Roosevelt organization takes measures to guarantee dark work in resistance businesses; Roosevelt consents to build up Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC). 1942: The congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is sorted out in Chicago. 1943: Race revolts in Detroit and Harlem cause dark pioneers to request that their adherents be less requesting in attesting their pledge to social equality; A. Philip Randolph breaks positions to call for common rebellion against Jim Crow schools and railways. 1946: The Supreme Court, in Morgan v. The Commonwealth of Virginia, decides that state laws requiring racial isolation on transports abuses the Constitution when applied to interstate travelers. 1947: Jackie Robinson breaks the shading line in significant class baseball. 1947: To Secure These Rights, the report by the Presidents Committee on Civil Rights, is discharged; the commission, designated by President Harry S. Truman, prescribes government activity to make sure about social liberties for all Americans. 1948: President Harry S. Truman gives an official request integrating the furnished administrations. 1950-1960 1950: The NAACP chooses to make its legitimate system a full-scale assault on instructive isolation. 1954: First White Citizens Council meeting is held in Mississippi. 1954: School year starts with the incorporation of 150 in the past isolated school areas in eight states; numerous other school regions stay isolated. 1955: The Interstate Commerce Commission bans racial isolation in all offices and vehicles occupied with interstate transportation. 1955: Rosa Parks is captured for declining to surrender her transport seat to a white individual; the activity triggers a transport blacklist in Montgomery, Alabama, let by Martin Luther King Jr. 1956: The home of Martin Luther King Jr. is shelled. 1956: The Montgomery transport blacklist finishes after the city gets U. S. Preeminent Court request to integrate city transports. 1957: Martin Luther King Jr. furthermore, various southern dark priests make the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). 1958: Ten thousand understudies hold a Youth March for Integrated Schools in Washington, D.C. 1959: Sit-in battles by undergrads integrate eating offices in St. Louis, Chicago, and Bloomington, Indiana; the Tennessee Christian Leadership Conference holds brief protests in Nashville retail establishments. 1960-1970 1960: Twenty-500 understudies and network individuals in Nashville, Tennessee, stage a walk on city hallthe first significant exhibit of the social liberties movementfollowing the bombarding of the home of a dark attorney. 1960: John F. Kennedy is chosen president by a thin edge. 1961: Martin Luther King Jr. furthermore, President John F. Kennedy hold a mystery meeting at which King discovers that the new president won't push hard for new social equality enactment. 1962: Ku Klux Klan explosive impacts crush four dark houses of worship in Georgia towns. 1962: President Kennedy federalizes the National Guard and sends a few hundred government marshals to Mississippi to ensure James Merediths admission to the University of Mississippi Law School over the restriction of Governor Ross Barnett and different whites; two individuals are murdered in a grounds revolt. 1963: Black understudies Vivian Malone and James Hood enter the University of Alabama regardless of a showing of opposition by Governor George Wallace; in a broadly broadcast discourse President .

Democracy Essay Example for Free

Majority rule government Essay In its least complex term, vote based system actually implies the standard of the individuals. It originated from the Greek word â€Å"demos† which means individuals and â€Å"kratos† which means rule. (â€Å"Democracy†) The term vote based system was first authored in Ancient Greece. Vote based system in Greece was comprehended to mean the determination of normal residents to government office and courts and the get together of the considerable number of residents. As the years progressed, be that as it may, vote based system as a type of government has advanced into a perplexing type of government. Regardless of the progressions the idea has experienced, it despite everything upholds the standards of well known power, political fairness, mainstream counsel and the greater part rule. (Austin Ranney, 1995) This paper is worried about presidential majority rule government as a type of government. I mean to examine the favorable circumstances and burdens of the presidential framework. In the finishing up part, I will stand firm on this issue. The Advantages of Presidential System It is the quintessence of each presidential vote based system that the three primary forces of government are intrinsically partitioned into thee various divisions. Understand more: How does large states versus little states guard against oppression exposition The three offices are: a) the authoritative branch; b) official branch; and c) legal branch. The authoritative branch has the ability to propose, authorize, alter and repeal the law. The official branch has the ability to execute the law. The legal executive has the ability to decipher the law. The principle of centralization of forces is planned to forestall a convergence of expert in one individual or gathering of people that may prompt a mistake or maltreatment to the bias of the entire state. It is accepted that any centralization of forces in a solitary branch is domineering and just obvious detachment of forces will secure the freedoms of the individuals against the hostilities of government. (Austin Ranney, p. 240) Moreover, the embodiment of presidential majority rule government doesn't just lie in the established partition of forces yet it likewise lies in the arrangement of balanced governance. The division of forces in the three parts of government isn't interchangeable to detachment. In the expressions of Justice Frankfurter on account of Connally v. Scudder (160 N. E. 655), he expresses that while it is attractive that thee be a sure level of freedom among the few sacred offices, it isn't in the open enthusiasm for them to manage each other at arm’s length or with an unfriendly envy of their individual rights as this would bring about dissatisfaction of the normal targets of the legislature. This implies as a general rule, these three offices really share their forces to set up a framework by which one office could oppose infringement made by another division. In spite of the fact that there is a detachment of forces in a majority rule government, one division is given the right to check whether another office is surpassing its capacity and privilege. For instance: the Executive office has the protected privilege to check the intensity of the Legislative branch to make laws by practicing its veto power. This implies the leader of a nation has the force not to sign into law or veto a specific bill passed by the administrative branch if the president, believes that the law isn't legitimate e. g. f the law isn't opportune. The equivalent is valid for the administrative part of government which has the protected right to beware of the forces of the president by methods for the methodology known as denunciation. The equivalent is valid with the President who has the protected right to keep an eye on the elements of the Judiciary. For instance, the president has the ability to allow acquittal and absolution to those as of now indicted and have experienced the procedure in the legal executive. Another substance of vote based system lies in the Rule of Majority. This is best showed in the process known as political race by which the individuals, as per the guideline of famous sway, have the ability to pick which among the applicants will oversee them for a restricted timeframe. Drawback of Presidential System Though the presidential framework may have its points of interest, one fundamental issue with this framework is the postponements brought about by an excess of political clash and gridlock between the President, Senate and the House of Representatives. A few times in the past that required enactments have been postponed and blocked in view of the political quarreling that is consistently intrinsic in a Presidential framework. It must be focused on that laws are passed to address the worries of the individuals. On the off chance that the section of laws will be deferred on account of the differences between the official and the administrative then the individuals are the ones who will endure. End The majority rule government is received by numerous nations including the United States. I think presidential majority rules system is superior to different types of government. Despite the fact that it has additionally its shortcoming, it is just in a vote based system where there is a superior harmony between the forces of the administration and the privilege of the individuals. It is this parity that guarantees that those in the administration won't misuse their forces that the constitution has conceded to them. It is likewise this parity that guarantees that the individuals won't misuse their power. The combination of the two fundamental forces of government, for example, the ability to execute laws and to make and alter laws in the hands of a solitary individual will uncover the entire state and the populace to the likelihood that people with significant influence will mishandle their position.

Teaching Strategies Free Essays

The book â€Å"Dharma Punx† was composed by Noah Levine, the child of top rated writer and Buddhist educator Stephen Levine. As an author, he utilizes a characteristic, conversational and empathic voice to portray his story so as to connect with other people who have experienced a similar trial as he did. This book, which was written in a careful account serves pretty much as his personal history, concentrating fundamentally on what might likely the most violent snapshots of this life when floated starting with one â€Å"movement† then onto the next, from underground rock to medications and liquor which almost sent his life slamming down to the point of implosion or self destruction which he endeavored a few times, consequently the title of the primary section is â€Å"Suicide Solution† (Levine, 2003, p. We will compose a custom exposition test on Educating Strategies or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now 1). The beginning stage of Levine’s story was at the detainment office where he was bound and at that point, he was experiencing withdrawal indications as the antagonistic impacts of medications and liquor were being flushed out of his framework. It was now that he would start to retell his story on how he got into that circumstance. Conceived in 1971, his folks hailed from the â€Å"hippies† age of the 1960’s where they rebelled against the foundation at the tallness of the Vietnam War and one of their mantras was â€Å"Make Love, Not War!† just as the flooding opportunity of articulation of their age that additionally enjoyed free medications and sexual wantonness also, accordingly making the term â€Å"psychedelic† a modest representation of the truth for their age that went to drugs as an approach to get away from a cruel, severe and pessimistic reality they needed to deny. They were attempting to make their own image of ideal world however some way or another, this would not be flawless too, and this would be reflected in Levine’s own family. In his youth years in the late 1970s and early ’80s, Levine wanted to skateboard yet halfway to straighten something up and impact, he got guided into underground rock and regularly watched underground rock shows just as looking like an underground rocker when he was in his adolescents. Underground rock was to his age what the psychadelic â€Å"hippie† development was to his folks. Levine said that the circumstance of his age made them go to this prevailing fashion †like him, the young people of his age needed to adapt to issues like broken homes, flighty guardians who were either alcoholic or medication wards; there was no dependable grown-up who could direct them. His folks had separated by at that point and he would invest energy with every one of them, carrying between their homes in California and New Mexico. The two his folks remarried yet his mother’s second marriage was laden with inconvenience and the incongruity of that was she met her second spouse in a reflection retreat while his dad had the option to proceed onward and remarry a lady whom he genuinely adored and gave him a more joyful marriage (Levine, 2003, p. 5). In any case, without his â€Å"enlightened† father around to direct him, the more youthful Levine was powerless to the enticements of the materialistic world. When he was six years of age, he previously started smoking maryjane and was evaluating other restricted substances too like cocaine. This additionally came inseparably in participating in liquor which would remain with him for the vast majority of his childhood. He was so dependent into medications and liquor that when he was in secondary school, he had gotten exceptionally brutal, frequently falling into difficulty going from fights to vandalism that he was captured a few times for such conduct, something he seemed to have invited, inferable from his underground rock impact, his own specific manner of challenging position. He in the long run dropped out of school and lived like a transient, frequently taking to help his propensity (Levine, 2003, pp. 21-24). In his ongoing confinement in 1988, where he was at his low that his street to â€Å"enlightenment† would start. At the point when his dad visited him, he was the person who had shown him the way by urging him to attempt reflection (Levine, 2003, pp. 3-4). From the start, Levine viewed Buddhist lessons as â€Å"bullshit† yet the second he put forth an attempt to attempt it, he experienced a significant change. He started the 12-advance program and began going to contemplation meetings. He was in the long run discharged and he began another way throughout everyday life. Throughout the following scarcely any years, Levine buckled down on his otherworldly development, in any event, rehearsing abstinence and taking a journey to the Far East looking for edification and in any event, meeting and gaining from the Dalai Lama himself! He would in the long run finish his investigations by getting an advanced education yet he didn't stop there. He went further and acquired an advanced education in guiding brain science too. He followed in his father’s strides by additionally turning into a Buddhist instructor and of the considerable number of spots where he might want to educate, he decided to be at exactly the same detainment office where he used to be remanded. In spite of the fact that he is a completely changed and changed individual, there is one thing from Levine’s past that he has not denied, his energy for underground rock. He despite everything tunes in to underground rock, and still acts, looks and dresses the part. He despite everything sports tattoos however the distinction currently is that his tattoos are Buddhist-propelled, for example, the lotus blossom and Sanskrit engravings, making Levine a copy of Hollywood entertainer Vin Diesel well known for his job as specialist â€Å"XXX† where he would likewise don tattoos. Something Levine found about Buddhism is that it is receptive into enduring whatever would commend it. Buddhist lessons, especially the Zen way of thinking, state that if an individual can be unified with that specific subject, that is additionally Buddhism. Levine himself will validate that underground rock, as opposed to what moderate scholars may believe, isn't an abomination to society by any means. This is, obviously, taking a gander at it from a Buddhist point of view. Others will in general view underground rock as wild, fierce and to a limited degree, damaging. As Levine would likewise concede, he went to underground rock as a method of challenging business as usual of his age, much like his folks were a piece of the â€Å"hippie† development as a statement of rebellion of the state of affairs of their own age also (Levine, 2003, p.â 34). The decent thing about Buddhism is that it has a method of directing the overabundance vitality away from the damaging way. In the event that there was one other thing that Levine gained from his edification, it is that passing isn't the solution to his issues when he was endeavoring to end it all. For a great many people, to take one’s life is the method of the washout, despite the â€Å"samurai† idea of self destruction where they would end their own lives to eradicate the disgrace of the disgrace. It doesn't have any significant bearing here and this can be deciphered in a few different ways. From the Hindu/Buddhist point of view, there is the idea of â€Å"karma† and rebirth where one’s lead in the current life would have an impact on what will happen to them in the following. While these convictions perceive demise (as a characteristic event), it doesn't urge individuals to end it all. In view of â€Å"karma,† the person who ends it all may get oneself resurrected in a much lower life structure along these lines and clearly, nobody might want to be reawakened as a creature or a minute living being! In many convictions, demise isn't the end, yet rather the start of the following stage, if it would be permitted to take its regular course. Ending it all would upset the amazing structure for the person known to mankind. One remarkable part of Buddhist Dharma is the course one’s way will be, contingent upon the decisions made. Levine’s to some degree disturbed past fill in as the premise of his compositions and lessons. â€Å"We all kind of have an alternate entryway to dharma or profound practice. Enduring is an entryway. For me it was the enduring of compulsion, brutality and wrongdoing which opened me at a youthful age, 17 years of age. I was detained, taking a gander at an amazing remainder in jail and thought, ‘Maybe I will attempt dad’s hipster reflection bologna. ‘ Suffering opened me to the chance of attempting contemplation. † (Levine, 2003, p. 246) All taking all things together, â€Å"Dharma Punx† isn't just a collection of memoirs, it is a profound excursion of one person who has suffered likely the most exceedingly terrible life can toss at him, send him on a misguided course however through restorative â€Å"enlightenment,† had the option to bob back and turn out to be profoundly entire once more. What's more, if the soul is â€Å"whole,† the physical body will follow also. Noah Levine experienced hellfire and came out of it flawless. If this somehow happened to be applied in universal relations, one thing Buddhism can educate is brutality and scorn isn't the response to the issues on the planet. Buddhist lessons show sympathy and compassion and if countries might want to set up close relations with each other, they need to start by setting up a profound association which is first done by â€Å"letting go† of one’s self. Buddhism instructs that the motivation behind why there is such a great amount of enduring in this world is because of common wants. In global relations, the battle for power regularly puts countries at chances with each other and this frequently prompts wars. Buddhism instructs the inverse, in relinquishing these wants and to identify. In doing do, not exclusively are agreeable relations built up, however one’s own advantages will be met by others and one need not stress over it any longer. At last, â€Å"Dharma Punx† is an exceptionally illuminating book which is enthusiastically prescribed to anybody, not really to the individuals who experienced a similar trial as the writer went. The creator had been there and had done that yet he would not enc

How Far Back Should You Go On A Resume

How Far Back Should You Go On A Resume Resumes have always been a hassle to write!Can we all agree to that?And for most of us who applied for a job in a company, there is always a question of what do we want to highlight out in our working experience.Well, that and the question if the resume is actually going to be read by the employer.Now, assuming that this isn’t your first time writing a resume and that you’ve already worked for 10, 20 or even 30 years in different companies, you may ask yourself another question â€" how far should I go on my resume?Obviously listing every job you ever had (from being a part-time cashier at a supermarket when you were in college, or you worked as a waiter in a café at the weekends) isnt really something that your employer needs to know when youre, let’s say, applying for a computer programming job.Have no worries, because today we will break down all the details which make a plain resume look professional!Also, we will point out what you need to pay attention to so that you give the employer what he wants to see on your resume.DO YOU EVEN KNOW HOW TO WRITE A RESUME?Please dont get offended, but be sure to ask yourself if you really do know how to write a resume.Because you may have forgotten how or youve never really paid attention to some specific details in your earlier resumes but have gotten the job anyway.No matter what, you should never use your old resume and just fill it with the work experience you’ve got now when applying for different jobs.Not only is this something only a lazy person might consider doing, but its also going to minimize your chance of actually getting the job you applied for.For example, youve applied for a marketing job, and the first thing the person who is reading your resume sees is that youve worked on a construction site (?).They would be puzzled, right?Anyways, there are tons of resume formats out there, and you can pick the one which best suits you. But what they all usually have is:Your name â€" Its usually located at the very top of the resume and should be in a bigger font than the rest of the text.Your contact info â€" Your address, phone number, e-mail address and a website if you have one.Work experience â€" This is where you list the name of the companies you’ve worked for, what position you’ve held there, for how long have you’ve been working there and maybe even the city where the company was located.Education â€" Your diplomas, schools or colleges you’ve attended and the dates when you finished.Special skills â€" Usually listed at the bottom and here you can highlight some of your skills which you think are important to emphasize and could contribute to the company.Also, there is some technical stuff involved, as well.Like, leaving enough white space between each section of your resume to avoid cramming and also using proper font size which should be no less than 11pt so its actually readable.Well later go into detail about every one of these points separately, but for now, you should have in mind that this is the most common resume format you should use. LENGTH OF YOUR RESUMENow, most of you would probably want to show how rich your experience is and write a novel and not a resume. Right?Well, no.Under no circumstances should your resume be more than two pages long!It’s not a CV where you can really go for seven pages or so. Rather, it should be a short, clear as day, one sheet of paper resume that says what you have to offer to the company.Knowing this, you should focus on how to pick out highlighted job positions, business successes and earlier experience from your past jobs.That way, you’ll avoid cramming all of your work experience on two pages, which will not prevent making a mess.Besides, just put yourself into the perspective of the person reading your resume.He or she certainly gets hundreds of resumes to read daily, and Im sure it would be infuriating for them to have to read a five-page resume and see that youre not really what theyre lookin g for.To put things into perspective, a 2016 blog by Staff.com says that Google gets around 2 million resumes a year which is around 5400 a day. Do you really think theyre all being read thoroughly? If read at all!?So keep it short and precise.RESUME READINGOkay, we have to disappoint you a little.There is a high chance that your resume won’t be read by a human.Rather, it will first go through software called Applicant Tracking System or ATS, which scans the resume looking for keywords and, later on, it is passed over to be read by someone who either works in Human Resources or the employer himself.It sounds harsh, true. But let me point out the 5400 resumes a day once more.Furthermore, Job-Hunt has pointed out how nearly 95% of resumes dont even get read, but are just compiled in the companies database or thrown in the trash.And this is not the end of cold hard truths, my friends!Be ready for more disappointment because, according to The Ladders, a hiring manager or a recruiter s pends only 6 seconds reading a resume.That means you’re not left with plenty of time to “wow” them with your past experience.They know what theyre looking for and if they find those keywords, youll get the interview. If not, well, then your resume will be tossed in the bin like a basketball.What’s also interesting is that, according to LinkedIn, people who read tons of resumes daily have a tendency to read them in a Z pattern: left-to-right across the top and down the left side. Because they’re looking for those keywords.I know that this might all sound a bit intimidating, but by knowing how people read resumes, you can use it to your advantage and write your work experiences at just the right spot to catch their attention. HOW FAR IS TOO FAR?Now that we’ve talked about the technical stuff, we can focus on actually explaining how to write the things that the employer wants to see.Also, this way you’ll know which things to avoid and what not to write. It will not only s ave you space in your resume but also open up space for emphasizing your most important accomplishments.Keep in mind that not all resumes are the same and if you can figure out which things to highlight and which ones to just mention, you will make a great first impression even before the actual job interview.So pay attention.1. Top CenterThe top center of your resume is the most important part of the whole document because it is the first thing the hiring agent or someone else will see when they look at it.The point here is to highlight your accomplishments and list your previous jobs.Things which certainly should not be listed here are:Education â€" Your education usually goes somewhere at the bottom of the resume and has no place here because people aren’t going to hire you because you’ve graduated from Harvard with a 3.9 GPA. You need to give them something more.Tables â€" Never, under any circumstances, should you list your previous positions by using tables or bullet point s. Because the ATS won’t recognize them and someone who is reading your resume will glance right past them.Opinions â€" No one cares that you think you’re the right person for the job, no one cares that you have a great work ethic and so on. These you will prove when you actually get the job.Instead, you should focus on emphasizing:Companies â€" Employers will show interest in you if you’ve worked in a well-known company because it assures them that you’re a professional. Otherwise, you wouldn’t even work in such a company.Accomplishments â€" By far, the most important point in your resume should be your accomplishments in the companies youve worked for. Because, if youve improved something in a company in any way, it will not only get the attention of your employer but also show that you could be a valuable asset to their company as well.Numbers â€" Not only are numbers more noticeable than words in a text, but they also provide detailed information. For example, instead of writing that you’ve improved the overall productivity of a certain company, you should specify that in percentages and be exact.2. Listing Previous JobsThere are many articles telling you that you shouldn’t include jobs that you’ve worked 15 or 20 years ago and that you’ll lose the hiring manager’s interest.But we believe that listing jobs you’ve had even 30 years ago can catch their attention if they are related to the position you are applying for now.First of all, you should list your previous jobs in chronological order, and you can do it in two ways:From back to front â€" This means you start from your first job so you can show how you’ve progressed throughout your career.Reversed â€" You start from your last job, and this is practical because it highlights your most recent work experience.Depending on what you’re applying for and what you want to emphasize, you should pick one of these types of listing your past work experience.Next, when listing the compani es you’ve worked for and the positions you’ve held, it is important to condense the early years of your professional life.The idea is to basically cherry-pick the jobs you had in the past which are relevant for the position you’re now applying for.This means that if, for example, you are applying for a software development company, its not necessary to list jobs such as bartending or other similar jobs.Rather you should list the ones which really have something to do with programming and computers.Also, what is recommended are jobs you’ve volunteered on. These really can show that you’ve had experience with the kind of work you want to do now.People think that if they weren’t paid for a job, that it doesn’t count as having one. But this simply isn’t true because what the employer is searching for are the skillsets you have and not the positions you’ve held.3. Companies vs PositionsIts often believed that its not about where youve worked but what position you held t here.Well, you will be surprised to know that its the exact opposite in the hiring agents eyes.Because having worked in a good company before will certainly be better than being the assistant director at a not so great company.For example, it’s better to have worked in the call center at Apple than to have worked as a staff manager at Burger King if you’re applying for a computer software job.And not only because working at Apple gives you more credibility but also because you still have some connection to technology.Also, you should keep in mind that employers seek your accomplishments and not your positions, and this is crucial when you list your past work experience.If you made some improvements in a company which led to something progressive, you should explain exactly what you did at that company.For instance, rather than just listing staff manager and making bullets about what you did at that positions, you should briefly, in one or two sentences explain what you did at th at company and say, perhaps, how you’ve improved the overall productivity of the workers and so on.This way, not only are you saving space on your resume but also you’re getting the employers attention. Because no one wants to hire someone with generic skills but rather someone who solves problems and makes the company run better.4. EducationAs we already said, don’t put your education up first because no one really cares where you’ve graduated from and with what GPA.So you should list it somewhere at the bottom of your resume, if at all.It goes without saying that most companies do seek people with higher education, but that has nothing to do with your actual skills and knowledge.Because if you think about it, what a college degree means to employers is proof that you can finish what you’ve started and nothing else.There are so many people without a college degree, smart and bright enough that theyve started their own companies and also lots of people with two or three de grees that havent worked a day in their life.There are no rules because you set the standards by your skills and knowledge, not by a piece of paper.Anyways, you should write the name of the high school or college youve attended, what year youve finished and what’s your vocation.If there is a year gap in your years of education, dont worry too much about that, its better for you to be clean about it then to lie.5. Special SkillsUsually, at the bottom of your resume, you should list some special skills you think you have and are beneficial for the company.These skills shouldnt be some generic ones like a sociable, great team leader, great at solving problems and so on.Instead, you should list something which really does have to do with the job youre applying for and please dont lie about the skills you have because you can get in a lot of trouble later on if you really do end up getting the job.You would be amazed at how much people lie on their resumes! And according to CareerBuild er, 75% of employers have caught a lie on a resume.Meaning, only one in four applicants tells the truth! We hope you’ll be that one.You should list some skills like:Freelancing content writer/translator â€" Because these freelancing jobs often mean youve worked for multiple clients and on various subjects, so you show that you have an all-rounded knowledge of some subjects.Programming â€" Not all people who do programming have had actual jobs but did that as a hobby, and if you’re one of them and know how to program software, then you should list it here.Event organizer â€" Organizing events often doesn’t require you to be in an actual company but rather something you do on your own, so if you have experience with it, then you can list it.These are just some examples, and the skills you put here can vary.Be careful not to put more than 3 or 4 skillsets here because all this is doing is just listing the skills you have which you haven’t mentioned when listing your previous jo bs.JUMPING INTO CONCLUSIONSThe purpose of the previous explanations was for you to see what goes in a resume and what doesn’t, so you avoid cramming your entire career in one sheet of paper and end up with a 2000 words resume with no clear indication of what you have to offer to the company.Now, were going to explain how to deal with the exact opposite problem, and that is falling into the rabbit hole.And by that we mean not listing the jobs youve had and having the employer stop for a second and think where have you been in that year gap.For example, if you leave out your early jobs or jobs that youre embarrassed by, youre going to make anyone who is reading your resume think you were unemployed.And if you really were unemployed, then you should clearly show it by listing all the jobs, youve had.The main idea is that you should list your entire 20 or 30-year career, but you get to choose which segments of your career you should highlight in the top center of your resume.That way its bright as day for how long youve been a professional and also what youve achieved in that period of your life.When you keep it simple and precise and are honest, first and most important with yourself and then the employer, youre granted to get the respect and acknowledgement for your work.THE DOS AND THE DON’TSTo further explain what you should implement and what you should avoid at all costs on your resume, we’re going to list all the dos, and the don’ts.Do â€" List all of your past work experience, so you have a clean record of your career.Don’t â€" Explain every job you’ve ever had because you don’t need to and have no space to do it.Do â€" List two or three of your most beneficial accomplishments. If you have more that’s fine but keep them to yourself this time and just pick out the ones which will get the employers attention.Don’t â€" Use objective sentences, talk about your private life or brag how you think you are the best candidate out there. You need t o prove yourself when you get the job not when you’re applying for it.Do â€" Keep all the explanations of your business projects and achievements brief and precise, so you keep the attention span of the hiring manager and also show them that you know exactly what they’re looking for.Don’t â€" Write more than 2 pages of resume. We’ve explained this one already, but just to remind you. Two pages are more than enough if you know what to write and how.Do â€" Get your resume reviewed by a career consular or someone who has experience with reading resumes because they can point out flaws you need to correct before sending the resume.Don’t â€" Lie. Ever. CONCLUSIONSome people think that writing all of your accomplishments and jobs throughout your entire career will impress the employer, but that can’t be further from the truth.The exact opposite is what the employers want â€" the less you talk about your career altogether, and the more you talk about specific details from your career and how you made a difference the better.Now that you know how to write a resume, which things to bring up and which things to absolutely avoid, go out there and write the perfect resume and get that job that you know you’re qualified for.

Body Modification Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Changing image of Asian women why these changes have occurred and investigate the effect Westernfashion imagery has on Asian women. A recent and rapidly-developing trend among an alarming number of Asian women has become a major focus of attention: the lengths to which they will go in pursuit of beauty or rather, the Western version of it. Growing numbers of Asian women are relying on artificial procedures to alter sometimes temporarily, sometimes permanently their appearances to fit an unrealistic Western ideal. At one end of the spectrum are quick cosmetic applications which may or may not have lasting side effects. At the other end are surgical procedures, ranging from minor to major, all of which pose varying degrees of risk. Whatever the procedure from applications of skin-lightening chemicals to permanent changes in tissue and bone structure, one message is very clear: white features continue to be the prevailing ideal, and for many Asian women, achieving this ideal is a goal to be attained at any cost. All of these processes from the temporary, relatively benign ones to the riskier, sometimes life-threatening procedures are actively promoted by the fashion industry. Ubiquitous advertisements link professional and personal success to women with Western, or Caucasian, features, along with a not-so-subtle message that to succeed, one must follow this Western paradigm. Furthermore, these procedures are tacitly condoned by a society which allows them to proliferate a society which allows its members to fall victim to these pressures to conform to an ideal of beauty that is unrealistic , unattainable, and of questionable worth. In their attempts to achieve this goal, Asian women risk physical health, mental well-being, and financial security often to the detriment of the lives of the friends and family who surround them. This dangerous trend must be put to an end, and that will not happen while the fashion industry continues to promote the value of Caucasian features to non-Caucasian individuals, particularly women. This paper will explore the factors that cause Asian women to feel pressured to conform to the Western ideal of beauty, as well as the cosmetic and surgical procedures they resort to in this pursuit. Finally, it will explore the complex issues raised by these societal pressures, and suggest that the key to change lies within the psyche of the Asian woman. Body Modification: A Historical Perspective Modification of the female body is nothing new; women have willed themselves to meet the prevailing modes to satisfy societal standards for years. Body modification has been practiced in a number of ways and for a variety of reasons since ancient times; it has existed on many levels for thousands of years. Historical evidence suggests that, as many as 20,000 years ago, red dye extracted from hematite was used to paint and decorate the body. After that, archaeological evidence proves that as many as 10,000 years ago, parts of animal bones, animal teeth, and colourful stones were used as adornments. The first hair grooming objects appear to have been combs, the earliest of which date back to nearly 5,000 years ago. As for mirrors, ancient people observed their image as it was reflected in pools of water. This, however, changed when the first mirror is believed to have been invented, approximately 4,500 years ago (Yaghmaie, 49-52). Society has progressed since those early d ays. One need only turn on the television or leaf through a magazine to be bombarded with all kinds of advertisements for body modification. Chemical treatments can straighten hair and change skin tone and texture. Surgical procedures can decrease or (more often) augment breast size. Unwanted fat can be removed in any number ways, ranging from dietary changes to liposuction. Some signs of ageing can be temporarily reversed with injections of Botox; others can be permanently altered, again through surgery. Body Modification Across Cultures Today in the Western world, body modification is widely practiced in all classes of society, often as a result of societal pressure to achieve perfection. However, this is not an issue unique to Western cultures: physical appearance matters across cultures, across ages, across genders. Hence, we see that Asian cultures are just as immune to societal pressures to conform. Lisa Takeuchi Cullen points out that in the past, Asia had lagged behind the West in catching the plastic surgery wave, held back by cultural hang-ups, arrested medical skills and a poorer consumer base. However, it is now clear that cosmetic surgery is enjoying increasing popularity. According to Cullen: In Taiwan, a million procedures were performed last year, double the number from five years ago. In Korea, surgeons estimate that at least one in10 adults have received some form of surgical upgrade and even tots have their eyelids done. The government of Thailand has taken to hawking plastic surgery tou rs. In Japan, non invasive procedures dubbed petite surgery have set off such a rage that top clinics are raking in $100 million a year. Thus, Asian women, including those living in their native countries as well as those in the Western world, have begun to respond in increasing numbers to the pressures of fashion. As a result, they may subject themselves to a range of procedures, pay exorbitant fees, and suffer both mental and physical pain. As Cullen points out, Asians have always suffered for beauty: Consider the ancient practice of foot binding in China, or the stacked, brass coils used to distend the necks of Karen women. In fact, some of the earliest records of reconstructive plastic surgery come from sixth century India: the Hindu medical chronicle Susruta Samhita describes how noses were recreated after being chopped off as punishment for adultery. Current practices embraced by Asian women indicate that pain continues to remain an inherent element in their ques t for physical perfection. Phoebe Eng discusses this in Warrior Lessons: An Asian American Womans Journey Into Power, explaining that operations like eye-lifts have become as common as root canals: They are the most frequently occurring plastic surgery procedure among Asian women in America. In fact, Eng notes, eye-lifts are so accepted among Asian women in cultural hubs like Los Angeles that it is not uncommon for women who have had them to let friends know proudly where they got theirs done, and for how much, and by whom (119). The second most common procedure is nose build ups, in which a section of ear cartilage, bone or plastic is surgically inserted to enlarge the nose (Eng,1999, 118-119). One of the major body issues concerning Western women is weight but this is one issue that plays a subordinate role for Asian women. According to Eng, the more prevalent issues seem to involve the facial features that make us indelible and patently Asian, and therefore different. Facial features, asserts Eng, are what most clearly and uncomfortably place Asian women outside the concept of an American norm (121). Once outside this norm, the Asian woman is seen as foreign and exotic, and all that implies (Eng 121). But what lies behind this fixation on physical attributes? Eng asserts that the definition of us as a group, whether we like it or not, bonds us more by our faces than by any particular shared set of perspectives.. She asserts that Asian women are defined, by themselves as well as by others, by a set of common physical features, and that they are define more by physical appearance than by any single set of historical experiences or political agendas (122). Thus the very features that highlight Asian women, that make them stand out as separate and unique, ultimately end up being divisive and destructive. Instead of celebrating the shared features that draw them together, many Asian women opt to instead modify them. They do this in a number of ways, and with varying success, and often with less than satisfactory results but always start out with the same ultimate goal: to break free of the physical ties to their heritage, and in effect to other Asians, in order to become more acceptable in Western society. Eng also points out that unlike other minorities such as blacks and Latinas, Asian American women do not have a strong sense of cultural identity that might give them a firmer inner sense of their own beauty and a self-respect that goes beyond appearances (122-123). Lacking this, they are more vulnerable to the over whelming outside pressures of society and of their own strong desires to succeed. Our solution up till now has been to obliterate the differences either through attempts at assimilation or, more extremely, by cosmetic alteration, asserts Eng. In this way Asian women fail to develop a framework for appreciating physical differences, so that the onus of change is societal rather than individual (Eng122). Cosmetic Alteration: Skin Tone Eng followed a survey conducted by an Asian-based lingerie company and reported the results as follows: Beijing women (already tall by Asian standards) want to be even taller. Taipei women want to be curvier they seek the classic hourglass figure. Hong Kong and Singaporean women lean towards breast augmentation. Bangkok women want wider hips. Despite these differences, Eng informs us, there was one consistent wish by all Asian sub-groups: everyone wants to be lighter (126). According to Eng makeup companies in Asia capitalize on deep-seated Light Skin Worship, marketing skin-bleaching products like UV White and Neo white (126).Advertisements for these creams generally feature a Caucasian woman basking in a halo of light, looking upward, saintly and pure (Eng 126). UV White, available only in Asia, is a much sought-after product by Asian women not only those in Asia (where the product is widely available) but also in the U.S. (where it is not). The desire for lighter skin is so deeply ingrained that it need not be advertised. The text below, from an advertisement for Neowhite, a Fairness Cream by Avon, does not sell the concept of lightening. Rather, it focuses on the advantages of this particular product, assuming the desire to lighten the skin is a given: Neo white is formulated to whiten skin without t he known harmful side effects of lesser brands. . . .There are two Neo white creams Fairness Protection Cream formulated with effective sunscreen (SPF 15) and moisturizers to keep skin fair and soft and Moisturizing Pearl Cream which his a combination of moisturizer and light tint that provides the skin with moisture and a natural, even skin tone. (125). The language of this advertisement is clearly designed for the upwardly mobile, appealing to their desire to change their appearance while satisfying their concerns about possible harmful effects to the skin. Despite the price, skin care products that boast whitening properties continue to sell, and advertisements for them are ubiquitous. Consumers will be willing to spend on premium products as long as these products are able to deliver the required results, and at greater convenience, notes Luann Theseira, adding that sales of super premium products remain largely unchanged despite their prohibitive costs. Eng also points out that whiteness also comes at a price, reiterating the connection between privilege and complexion (127). However, it may be argued that the cost goes far beyond the monetary amount of the product or service purchased; it is impossible to place a price on the physical and psychological pain suffered. Cosmetic Alteration: Focus on Eyes Using makeup to enhance ones eyes is hardly a novel concept. As noted earlier, this practice has been in effect since ancient times. Skilful use of shading can disguise perceived flaws and accentuate strong points; it can create, or at least enhance, the appearance of desired illusions, even if the effects are fleeting. It is a well-established practice. However, items such as glue and tape are not normally found in the makeup bags of Western women at least not as eye treatments. Makeup routines for Asian women who want to change the appearance of their eyes to mimic Western eyes will probably contain at least one of these items. Glue, or tape, are often used to hike up the eyelid.the skin stays folded for most of the day. Some Asian teens say they do this to make their eyes look bigger and prettier. Others would simply say it makes them look more Caucasian (Valhouli). Cosmetic Alteration: Permanent In Making the Body Beautiful: A Cultural History of Aesthetic Surgery, Sander Gilman states that Asian-American women, whose blank look is equated in American society with dullness, passivity, and lack of emotion, have their eyelids restructured, their nose bridges heightened, and the tips of their noses altered (99). In some Asian cultures, the acceptance of any surgical procedure at all is a relatively recent development. The traditional Chinese prohibition against opening the body limited all forms of surgical intervention until fairly recently (Gilman 99).Modern medicine in China is in many ways Western medicine combined with traditional methods. In Japan, plastic surgery was not even recognized until 1975, and then only for reconstructive purposes. It was not until 1978 that aesthetic surgery elective plastic surgery was sanctioned as an acceptable subspecialty (Gilman 100). However, procedures to correct the shape of the eye had been performed on a frequent an d regular basis since the end of the nineteenth century. These procedures were considered, significantly, to be within the bounds of official medical practice. In the 1930s,Gilman explains, American surgeon Henry Junius Schireson claimed that the shape of the Japanese eyelid actually impaired proper vision a claim that was totally false. However, it is significant in that it reflects again the view of Asian features as somehow inferior and in need of correction. The claim that the eyelid form has a negative impact on sight is nonsense, asserts Gilman, but he concludes that it was clearly evident that the focus of the surgery was to create beautiful women beautiful according to Western standards (102). After World War II, with the American occupation of Japan, there was a renewed interest in surgical procedures which would transform Japanese eyes into Western eyes. It was just a matter of time before the number and range of surgical procedures increased throughout Asia to include other types of physical enhancements, particularly breast augmentation. Again, here, as Gilman notes, this responded to the introduction of the Western notion of the larger breast as a sign of the erotic (103). Dr. Ichiro Kamoshita, director of Japans Hibiya Kokusai Clinic, believes that the prevalence of this type of elective surgery is a direct result of the massive advertising efforts of aesthetic salons. The advertising encourages inferiority complexes in Japanese women of all ages in fact, surgical procedures in adolescents are rising in number. There is now a pattern of presenting procedures as gifts from patents to children, especially those seen to be hindered by small eyes, a flat nose or a big face (Gilman 104). Use of the word hinder is quite telling here; the notion that Japanese features will impede an individuals future accomplishments is practically a given. Cullen notes that in Asia, surgically enhanced beauty is both a way to display wealth and a tool with which to attain it. However, advertisers continue to lure those who are less wealthy. Individuals who have strong aspirations to get ahead often succumb to the promise of upward mobility that is not-so-subtly implied in these advertisements. It is not uncommon for individuals to take out loans or empty savings accounts in order to finance these procedures. The rationale for paying such exorbitant fees is based on their belief that this will help them get ahead. Often they believe this is the only way they will get ahead. Sexual allure is also part of the advertising package: just as Asian faces require unique procedures, their bodies demand innovative operations to achieve the leggy, skinny, busty Western ideal that has become increasingly universal (Cullen). A surgeon in Seoul, Dr. Suh In Seock, has struggled to find the best way to fix an affliction the Koreans call muu-dari and the Japanese call daikon-ashi: radish-shaped calves. Liposuction has proven to b e ineffective in changing the appearance of the calves of Asian women the way it does for Western women, since the tissue to be removed is mostly muscle, not fat. Rather than accept thick calves, some Asian women will resort to the type of surgery Suh now performs exclusively. The procedure involves severing a nerve behind the knee; this, explains Suh, will eventually cause the muscle to atrophy, there by reducing its size up to 40% (Cullen). The most drastic form of surgery, it may be argued, is a surgical procedure that actually increases the patients height. In a Time Magazine feature, it was explained that this procedure originally developed in Russia to help patients with legs disfigured by accidents or birth defects, such as dwarfism (Beech2001). Though in Western hospitals the practice is limited to cases in which it is explicitly for medical conditions, in Asian countries it has become a popular and profitable procedure. Despite the exorbitant fees, the consid erable risk, the lengthy recovery time, hospitals and clinics that provide this procedure often have waiting lists of a year or more. The procedure is particularly popular with individuals who aspire to professions for which they do not meet the height requirements. In addition, it is clear that increased height is sought by those with strong drives to get ahead, particularly in Western societies. Yet this may be seen as yet another way and a drastic one at that in which Asians respond to the pressure to appear more Western. Some who have studied overseas felt inferior because of their lack of stature the article points out. A surgeon at a Beijing hospital explains that for individuals who feel disadvantaged because of their height, for them, the main purpose of the operation is not to improve their physical healthit is to help their psychological growth [Beech]. However, the value of such drastic surgery as an antidote to feelings of inferiority is fraught with ethical i ssues. The fact that many will resort to such drastic measures to have an equal footing in society speaks volumes about the tremendous pressure placed on women to meet unrealistic ideals. It is also a telling statement about the power of advertising in not only shaping but reinforcing these beliefs. In the larger framework of society, this has ominous implications for the future. Social, Legal and Moral Issues of Cosmetic Alteration Doctors Bennett Johnson and Ronald Moy explain that cultural traditions and resistance often have a profound psychological influence on the non white person who is contemplating cosmetic surgery, and these changes can be far-reaching. Changing ethnic appearance (e.g., Westernization of the Asian eye lid or reduction cheiloplasty in blacks) can cause feelings of guilt (Johnson Moy, 245). The decision to choose surgical body modification may in fact affect the entire family, particularly older family members who are less willing to understand or accept the need to conform to Western ideals: because elders play a dominant role in many non white societies, their acceptance or rejection of cosmetic procedures has a psychological influence on the ethnic patient (Johnson Moy 245). The fact that so many women continue to opt for elective surgery is especially frightening when considering the possible complications. As Johnson and Moy assert: Complications are not uncommon wi th blepharoplasty in Asians; up to 10% will require revision procedures. Complications that are of special concern with blepharoplasty in Asians include eyelid asymmetry, loss of the palpebral fold, laxity of pretarsal skin, retraction of the upper eyelid, hypertrophicscars, and excessive fat removal (257). Eng, too, writes of the side effects, which can sometimes be quite drastic, that can result from botched surgeries or infections. The procedures are more risky and complicated than beauty magazines and friends accounts let on, asserts Eng, citing post-surgical infections and permanent scars as the most common. In some cases, operations to re-contour the jaw line can cause the jaw to weaken to the point that it becomes difficult to even chew. And like any invasive surgery, the months that follow can be uncomfortable and chock-full of antibiotics, as the body attempts to heal (Eng119). The legal complications that result from surgeries which fail to produce the desired results are incredibly complex. The complexity is further deepened by the murky psychological and social issues involved in both making the decision and following through on it. Surgeries which not only fail to fulfil expectations, but also result in additional pain and suffering, are even more complicated, as well as emotionally-charged. The financial losses individuals, and sometimes their families and friends, are burdened within the wake of these procedures, are rarely compensated. Part of the problem, notes Cullen, is that, unlike the medical malpractice suits in the West, legal recourse in Asia is much more difficult to obtain. Most Asian lawyers avoid malpractice cases, writes Cullen, since so few result in victory and financial payoff. Cullen asserts that it is the bargain-hunting instinct that leads patients astray, tempting them to use unqualified cosmetic practitioners. However, bargain rates are still exorbitant sums to individuals who pour their life savings into something they view as an investment in their future, and the future of their children. People who pay high prices in the attempt however misguided to further their success, often disregard the risks that accompany the procedures. Driven to succeed, they are compelled to move on, fully cognizant of and choosing to ignore the risks. According to Cullen, elsewhere in Asia, this explosion of personal re-engineering is harder to document, because for every skilled and legitimate surgeon there seethes as warm of shady pretenders. As an example, she cites Indonesia, which has a mere 43 licensed plastic surgeons registered yet which somehow manages to perform 400 illicit procedures each week in the capital city. Another example Is Shenzhen, China, which Cullen describes as a boomtown housing thousands of unlicensed beauty-science centers. These centers cunningly target the upwardly mobile and openly vulnerable to market a new pair of eyes or anew nose as the perfect acce ssory to their new cars and new clothes. The ease and immediacy of access increase the probability that women will succumb to the pressure to undergo risky procedures in questionably safe environments, and there is little recourse available to them if the procedures fail, or worse, cause additional harm. Conclusion These murky legal issues will demand to be addressed eventually. Many believe that strict government regulations, faithfully and consistently enforced, will be the only controls on this highly-profitable industry. However, considering the fact that this industry is so profitable, government regulation will probably be along way off. In the meantime, the governments inaction suggests a tacit approval. This approval only serves to help the proliferation of unethical, unsafe surgery centers, and it further reinforces the negative messages that women are already bombarded with through advertisements. Indeed, these issues are far-reaching; steeped in cultural taboos and mired in medical complications, the root of the problem is often obscured. The plain and glaring truth, however, is that risky procedures are continually undertaken by Asian women, often with tragic and irreversible consequences, physical and psychic damage, and considerable financial loss. Benignly disguised in the language of self-improvement, the fashion industry continually bombards them with the message that this is what they must do to fit in. Essentially, the message that is so powerfully reinforced is that in order to get ahead, they must change who they areif you are an Asian woman who wants to succeed: this is your last resort. Large numbers of Asian women continue to cling to this belief that assimilation of Western features will facilitate their advancement in the world; that it will make them sexier, more successful, and of course more content. The lengths to which some of them will go to achieve this are frightening on a number of levels, as demonstrated here. It has also been made clear that selling the concept of Westernization is a profitable business: industries promoting it are largely unregulated by government, resulting in gross abuses and often tragic results. The key to change, then, lies within the psyche of the Asian woman. More and more Asian women ar e becoming aware of the manipulative methods and subliminal messages that they are bombarded with on a daily basis. This awareness is what will give them the power to decide not to buy into an unrealistic and unattainable ideal, and to take charge of their bodies and their futures.